SOURCES OF INSPIRATION FOR THE MOORISH STYLE IN EUROPE FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to reveal the origins, features of the genesis, stages of evolution of Moorish architecture in Europe, as well as to present its artistic, figurative, functional, and compositional features. Special attention is paid to the “embroidered masonry” of the ancient buildings of the Balkans, primarily Bulgaria, glass and ceramic decorations of the “Mudéjar” style, dense stucco molding of the Manueline and Plateresque styles of Portugal and Spain, reliefs of facades of the “Gothic-Saracin” style, as well as alabaster and wattle decors of the “Alhambra” style. Attention is focused on the spread of features of Moorish architecture in various types of buildings: in mosques, synagogues, Catholic churches, kenas, as well as in ensembles of theaters, schools, hospitals and other types of secular buildings in Ukraine, Georgia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Lithuania, Croatia, Serbia, and Italy. The spread of the fashion for the features of the Hispano-Moorish (Andalusian) style in European countries in several stages with corresponding architectural features is emphasized, taking into account the needs of different communities (Orthodox, Muslim, Karaite, Jewish, Catholic and mixed (public buildings). The research tools include the chronological principle, art history and architecture approaches, ontological, hermeneutic, axiological, historical-genetic, comparative-historical, cross-cultural, socio-cultural, formal-stylistic, typological and art history analysis methods. Among the key tasks of the research are to trace the spread of the fashion for the construction of architectural structures of different functions, to outline the features of architecture within the Moorish style for religious and civil needs. The emphasis is on the characteristics of regional types of buildings within different time periods from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age and The spread of elements of the style in the lands of Bulgaria, Turkey, Croatia, Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Georgia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lithuania, Italy, Serbia is emphasized.