ORNAMENTS OF THE 17TH–18TH CENTURIES IN THE WALL PAINTINGS OF WOODEN CHURCHES OF THE MARMARA REGION

Abstract

The article examines Ukrainian-Romanian interferences in the ornaments of wall paintings of the 17th– 18th centuries in the wooden churches of the Marmara region, which during this period united parts of the territories of Transcarpathia and Romania. The analysis and comparison of ornamental motifs in the murals of church buildings in Oncesti, Budesti Josani, Kalinesti-Caeni, Desesti, Ieud Dili and others from Romania, and in Krajnikovo, Oleksandrivka, Kolodne from the Transcarpathian region were conducted for the first time. Regional features in the ornamental decoration of iconographic compositions, the originality of the creative interpretation of ornaments by church painters, and the influence of established folk traditions on the structural elements of patterns have been identified. It is shown that the ornamentation in the murals developed in parallel with the stylistic development of monumental painting of this period, and the use of ornaments of different styles in the compositional structure became characteristic. Common motifs in the ornamental decoration of wall paintings of the 17th–18th centuries in the mentioned wooden churches of the Marmara region have been revealed: the predominance of plant motifs of various flowers, shoots and leaves on the S-bends of the stem; the use of stripes of lines and curls; the widespread use of rhombuses; the complication of geometric structures with plant elements, the inclusion of stylized flowers and leaves in geometric shapes; contours, combinations of contrasting colors, etc. Regional features of ornaments in the Northern Marmara region have been identified: the use and stylization of spikelets, braids, various flowers, dandelion leaves, oak leaves, etc. from the surrounding natural environment; in geometric patterns, the widespread use of rhombuses composed of contrasting triangles, all kinds of zigzags; a combination of shades of red with black, dark brown; blue and golden yellow colors. Distinctive features of ornaments in the Southern Marmara region have been established: frequent use of rhombuses made with a wavy line; wide stripes on the S-curves of the stem of various variations of floral ornamentation from flowers and leaves; the appearance of zoomorphic motifs (dove); the use of images of angels or seraphim in ornamental stripes; contrast, brightness, combination of red of various shades with a rich dark (black) color, etc. The research conducted in the article deepens and expands the picture of the development of ornamental art in wall painting of the 17th–18th centuries in the wooden churches of the Marmara region.