VERTICAL GREENING OF FACADES AS A MEANS OF HUMANIZING THE URBAN ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

The article considers modern methods of vertical greening of building facades. The world experience of creating state programs to support the use of greening of buildings and structures, in particular greening of facades, at the legislative level is analyzed. The use of integrated vegetation has real advantages both at the local and general state levels. The impact of vertical greening on environmental indicators, economic development and the sociopsychological state of the community is considered. Arguments to convince legislators, planners, architects of the need to use vertical gardening technology are provided by the results of environmental studies, which show that the use of vertical gardening helps to reduce the surface temperature of external walls in the summer by 10°C and reduce the urban heat island effect in densely populated areas, which reduces energy costs for air conditioning. Increased absorption of carbon dioxide and filtration of harmful emissions particles leads to improved air quality, which improves the health of residents. The presence of greenery in the urban environment improves the general psychological and emotional state of residents and contributes to the humanization of the architectural environment. Due to all these advantages, the practice of vertical gardening is actively developing, creating new methods and directions. The presence of greenery in the urban environment improves the general psychological and emotional state of residents and contributes to the humanization of the architectural environment. Due to all these advantages, the practice of vertical gardening is actively developing, creating new methods and directions. A large number of various directions in vertical gardening requires systematization and typological classification of constructive schemes and analysis of the potential that each of them has for architectural and design solutions. Previously, all systems are divided into frame and modular systems. Frame systems are divided into stationary rigid and mobile flexible. Spatial structures made of metal profiles, lattices, steel cables act as a stationary frame. The method of using frame systems allows you to ensure a preplanned rhythm, density and height of landscaping and, from a design point of view, is a method of "directional landscaping". Mobile flexible systems are one of the most common solutions in facade landscaping. A two-layer polymer felt canvas, where ornamental plants are planted in a pocket with a nutrient substrate. The method of landscaping using a mobile flexible frame has created a new direction in the design of vertical landscaping "living wall". In modular systems, slabs or containers can be considered as modules. Slabs made of lightweight concrete or plastic have several layers: base, waterproofing, water-absorbing layer, substrate with seeds. Landscaping using modular systems was initiated by the “vertical garden” direction For each of these landscaping methods, the possibility of using common approaches in developing the structure of vertical landscaping and design elements is analyzed, in order to harmonize the architectural environment and increase the level of comfort of urban space.